22155 – Power-to-X – Key Technology for the Energy Transition

The module will provide an introduction to Power-to-X technologies which are expected to play a major role in the future energy system. The rationale for converting renewable electrical energy into fuels and chemicals will be explained and substantiated with data from relevant studies. Concepts for central and distributed Power-to-X facilities will be described with a focus on modular technologies for distributed production. Different options for water and steam electrolysis as well as selective electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide will be discussed with a view to technology readiness level, energy efficiency, and cost. The alternative concept of plasma-based activation of inert molecules will be introduced and the status of this technology will be assessed and compared to electrolysis. Basic process layouts for production of synthetic methane, liquid hydrocarbons, methanol and ammonia from renewable electrical energy, carbon dioxide and water will be described and assessed in terms of material and energy flows and options for process integration. Moreover, concepts for offshore Power-to-X production will be explained and current research in this area will be highlighted. Finally, industrial project initiatives in the field of Power-to-X will be presented and discussed.